diff --git a/api/chat-stream.js b/api/chat-stream.js
index aa92b17..309c473 100644
--- a/api/chat-stream.js
+++ b/api/chat-stream.js
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 'use strict';
 
+const crypto = require('crypto');
+
 const {
   extractToolNames,
   createToolSieveState,
   processToolSieveChunk,
   flushToolSieve,
-  parseToolCalls,
+  parseStandaloneToolCalls,
   formatOpenAIStreamToolCalls,
 } = require('./helpers/stream-tool-sieve');
 
@@ -90,16 +92,49 @@ module.exports = async function handler(req, res) {
     return;
   }
   const releaseLease = createLeaseReleaser(req, leaseID);
+  const upstreamController = new AbortController();
+  let clientClosed = false;
+  let reader = null;
+  const markClientClosed = () => {
+    if (clientClosed) {
+      return;
+    }
+    clientClosed = true;
+    upstreamController.abort();
+    if (reader && typeof reader.cancel === 'function') {
+      Promise.resolve(reader.cancel()).catch(() => {});
+    }
+  };
+  const onReqAborted = () => markClientClosed();
+  const onResClose = () => {
+    if (!res.writableEnded) {
+      markClientClosed();
+    }
+  };
+  req.on('aborted', onReqAborted);
+  res.on('close', onResClose);
   try {
-    const completionRes = await fetch(DEEPSEEK_COMPLETION_URL, {
-      method: 'POST',
-      headers: {
-        ...BASE_HEADERS,
-        authorization: `Bearer ${deepseekToken}`,
-        'x-ds-pow-response': powHeader,
-      },
-      body: JSON.stringify(completionPayload),
-    });
+    let completionRes;
+    try {
+      completionRes = await fetch(DEEPSEEK_COMPLETION_URL, {
+        method: 'POST',
+        headers: {
+          ...BASE_HEADERS,
+          authorization: `Bearer ${deepseekToken}`,
+          'x-ds-pow-response': powHeader,
+        },
+        body: JSON.stringify(completionPayload),
+        signal: upstreamController.signal,
+      });
+    } catch (err) {
+      if (clientClosed || isAbortError(err)) {
+        return;
+      }
+      throw err;
+    }
+    if (clientClosed) {
+      return;
+    }
 
     if (!completionRes.ok || !completionRes.body) {
       const detail = await safeReadText(completionRes);
@@ -124,12 +159,16 @@ module.exports = async function handler(req, res) {
     const toolSieveEnabled = toolNames.length > 0;
     const toolSieveState = createToolSieveState();
     let toolCallsEmitted = false;
+    const streamToolCallIDs = new Map();
     const decoder = new TextDecoder();
-    const reader = completionRes.body.getReader();
+    reader = completionRes.body.getReader();
     let buffered = '';
     let ended = false;
 
     const sendFrame = (obj) => {
+      if (clientClosed || res.writableEnded || res.destroyed) {
+        return;
+      }
       res.write(`data: ${JSON.stringify(obj)}\n\n`);
       if (typeof res.flush === 'function') {
         res.flush();
@@ -156,7 +195,11 @@ module.exports = async function handler(req, res) {
         return;
       }
       ended = true;
-      const detected = parseToolCalls(outputText, toolNames);
+      if (clientClosed || res.writableEnded || res.destroyed) {
+        await releaseLease();
+        return;
+      }
+      const detected = parseStandaloneToolCalls(outputText, toolNames);
       if (detected.length > 0 && !toolCallsEmitted) {
         toolCallsEmitted = true;
         sendDeltaFrame({ tool_calls: formatOpenAIStreamToolCalls(detected) });
@@ -179,14 +222,22 @@ module.exports = async function handler(req, res) {
         choices: [{ delta: {}, index: 0, finish_reason: reason }],
         usage: buildUsage(finalPrompt, thinkingText, outputText),
       });
-      res.write('data: [DONE]\n\n');
+      if (!res.writableEnded && !res.destroyed) {
+        res.write('data: [DONE]\n\n');
+      }
       await releaseLease();
-      res.end();
+      if (!res.writableEnded && !res.destroyed) {
+        res.end();
+      }
     };
 
     try {
       // eslint-disable-next-line no-constant-condition
       while (true) {
+        if (clientClosed) {
+          await finish('stop');
+          return;
+        }
         const { value, done } = await reader.read();
         if (done) {
           break;
@@ -245,6 +296,11 @@ module.exports = async function handler(req, res) {
               }
               const events = processToolSieveChunk(toolSieveState, p.text, toolNames);
               for (const evt of events) {
+                if (evt.type === 'tool_call_deltas' && Array.isArray(evt.deltas) && evt.deltas.length > 0) {
+                  toolCallsEmitted = true;
+                  sendDeltaFrame({ tool_calls: formatIncrementalToolCallDeltas(evt.deltas, streamToolCallIDs) });
+                  continue;
+                }
                 if (evt.type === 'tool_calls') {
                   toolCallsEmitted = true;
                   sendDeltaFrame({ tool_calls: formatOpenAIStreamToolCalls(evt.calls) });
@@ -259,10 +315,16 @@ module.exports = async function handler(req, res) {
         }
       }
       await finish('stop');
-    } catch (_err) {
+    } catch (err) {
+      if (clientClosed || isAbortError(err)) {
+        await finish('stop');
+        return;
+      }
       await finish('stop');
     }
   } finally {
+    req.removeListener('aborted', onReqAborted);
+    res.removeListener('close', onResClose);
     await releaseLease();
   }
 };
@@ -656,6 +718,55 @@ function buildUsage(prompt, thinking, output) {
   };
 }
 
+function formatIncrementalToolCallDeltas(deltas, idStore) {
+  if (!Array.isArray(deltas) || deltas.length === 0) {
+    return [];
+  }
+  const out = [];
+  for (const d of deltas) {
+    if (!d || typeof d !== 'object') {
+      continue;
+    }
+    const index = Number.isInteger(d.index) ? d.index : 0;
+    const id = ensureStreamToolCallID(idStore, index);
+    const item = {
+      index,
+      id,
+      type: 'function',
+    };
+    const fn = {};
+    if (asString(d.name)) {
+      fn.name = asString(d.name);
+    }
+    if (typeof d.arguments === 'string' && d.arguments !== '') {
+      fn.arguments = d.arguments;
+    }
+    if (Object.keys(fn).length > 0) {
+      item.function = fn;
+    }
+    out.push(item);
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+function ensureStreamToolCallID(idStore, index) {
+  const key = Number.isInteger(index) ? index : 0;
+  const existing = idStore.get(key);
+  if (existing) {
+    return existing;
+  }
+  const next = `call_${newCallID()}`;
+  idStore.set(key, next);
+  return next;
+}
+
+function newCallID() {
+  if (typeof crypto.randomUUID === 'function') {
+    return crypto.randomUUID().replace(/-/g, '');
+  }
+  return `${Date.now()}${Math.floor(Math.random() * 1e9)}`;
+}
+
 function estimateTokens(text) {
   const t = asString(text);
   if (!t) {
@@ -667,44 +778,92 @@ function estimateTokens(text) {
 
 async function proxyToGo(req, res, rawBody) {
   const url = buildInternalGoURL(req);
-
-  const upstream = await fetch(url.toString(), {
-    method: 'POST',
-    headers: buildInternalGoHeaders(req, { withContentType: true }),
-    body: rawBody,
-  });
-
-  res.statusCode = upstream.status;
-  upstream.headers.forEach((value, key) => {
-    if (key.toLowerCase() === 'content-length') {
+  const controller = new AbortController();
+  let clientClosed = false;
+  const markClientClosed = () => {
+    if (clientClosed) {
       return;
     }
-    res.setHeader(key, value);
-  });
+    clientClosed = true;
+    controller.abort();
+  };
+  const onReqAborted = () => markClientClosed();
+  const onResClose = () => {
+    if (!res.writableEnded) {
+      markClientClosed();
+    }
+  };
+  req.on('aborted', onReqAborted);
+  res.on('close', onResClose);
 
-  if (!upstream.body || typeof upstream.body.getReader !== 'function') {
-    const bytes = Buffer.from(await upstream.arrayBuffer());
-    res.end(bytes);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  const reader = upstream.body.getReader();
   try {
-    // eslint-disable-next-line no-constant-condition
-    while (true) {
-      const { value, done } = await reader.read();
-      if (done) {
-        break;
+    let upstream;
+    try {
+      upstream = await fetch(url.toString(), {
+        method: 'POST',
+        headers: buildInternalGoHeaders(req, { withContentType: true }),
+        body: rawBody,
+        signal: controller.signal,
+      });
+    } catch (err) {
+      if (clientClosed || isAbortError(err)) {
+        if (!res.writableEnded) {
+          res.end();
+        }
+        return;
       }
-      if (value && value.length > 0) {
-        res.write(Buffer.from(value));
-        if (typeof res.flush === 'function') {
-          res.flush();
+      throw err;
+    }
+    if (clientClosed) {
+      if (!res.writableEnded) {
+        res.end();
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+
+    res.statusCode = upstream.status;
+    upstream.headers.forEach((value, key) => {
+      if (key.toLowerCase() === 'content-length') {
+        return;
+      }
+      res.setHeader(key, value);
+    });
+
+    if (!upstream.body || typeof upstream.body.getReader !== 'function') {
+      const bytes = Buffer.from(await upstream.arrayBuffer());
+      res.end(bytes);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const reader = upstream.body.getReader();
+    try {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line no-constant-condition
+      while (true) {
+        if (clientClosed) {
+          break;
+        }
+        const { value, done } = await reader.read();
+        if (done) {
+          break;
+        }
+        if (value && value.length > 0) {
+          res.write(Buffer.from(value));
+          if (typeof res.flush === 'function') {
+            res.flush();
+          }
         }
       }
+      if (!res.writableEnded) {
+        res.end();
+      }
+    } catch (err) {
+      if (!isAbortError(err) && !res.writableEnded) {
+        res.end();
+      }
     }
-    res.end();
-  } catch (_err) {
+  } finally {
+    req.removeListener('aborted', onReqAborted);
+    res.removeListener('close', onResClose);
     if (!res.writableEnded) {
       res.end();
     }
@@ -762,6 +921,13 @@ function asString(v) {
   return String(v).trim();
 }
 
+function isAbortError(err) {
+  if (!err || typeof err !== 'object') {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return err.name === 'AbortError' || err.code === 'ABORT_ERR';
+}
+
 module.exports.__test = {
   parseChunkForContent,
   extractContentRecursive,
diff --git a/api/chat-stream.test.js b/api/chat-stream.test.js
index b347342..c849f7c 100644
--- a/api/chat-stream.test.js
+++ b/api/chat-stream.test.js
@@ -49,12 +49,13 @@ test('parseChunkForContent + sieve does not leak suspicious prefix in split tool
   events.push(...flushToolSieve(state, ['read_file']));
 
   const hasToolCalls = events.some((evt) => evt.type === 'tool_calls' && evt.calls && evt.calls.length > 0);
+  const hasToolDeltas = events.some((evt) => evt.type === 'tool_call_deltas' && evt.deltas && evt.deltas.length > 0);
   const leakedText = events
     .filter((evt) => evt.type === 'text' && evt.text)
     .map((evt) => evt.text)
     .join('');
 
-  assert.equal(hasToolCalls, true);
+  assert.equal(hasToolCalls || hasToolDeltas, true);
   assert.equal(leakedText.includes('{'), false);
   assert.equal(leakedText.toLowerCase().includes('tool_calls'), false);
 });
diff --git a/api/helpers/stream-tool-sieve.js b/api/helpers/stream-tool-sieve.js
index 3ced63d..8b586aa 100644
--- a/api/helpers/stream-tool-sieve.js
+++ b/api/helpers/stream-tool-sieve.js
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 const crypto = require('crypto');
 const TOOL_CALL_PATTERN = /\{\s*["']tool_calls["']\s*:\s*\[(.*?)\]\s*\}/s;
+const TOOL_SIEVE_CAPTURE_LIMIT = 8 * 1024;
 
 function extractToolNames(tools) {
   if (!Array.isArray(tools) || tools.length === 0) {
@@ -26,9 +27,25 @@ function createToolSieveState() {
     pending: '',
     capture: '',
     capturing: false,
+    hasMeaningfulText: false,
+    toolNameSent: false,
+    toolName: '',
+    toolArgsStart: -1,
+    toolArgsSent: -1,
+    toolArgsString: false,
+    toolArgsDone: false,
   };
 }
 
+function resetIncrementalToolState(state) {
+  state.toolNameSent = false;
+  state.toolName = '';
+  state.toolArgsStart = -1;
+  state.toolArgsSent = -1;
+  state.toolArgsString = false;
+  state.toolArgsDone = false;
+}
+
 function processToolSieveChunk(state, chunk, toolNames) {
   if (!state) {
     return [];
@@ -44,13 +61,31 @@ function processToolSieveChunk(state, chunk, toolNames) {
         state.capture += state.pending;
         state.pending = '';
       }
-      const consumed = consumeToolCapture(state.capture, toolNames);
+      const deltas = buildIncrementalToolDeltas(state);
+      if (deltas.length > 0) {
+        events.push({ type: 'tool_call_deltas', deltas });
+      }
+      const consumed = consumeToolCapture(state, toolNames);
       if (!consumed.ready) {
+        if (state.capture.length > TOOL_SIEVE_CAPTURE_LIMIT) {
+          if (hasMeaningfulText(state.capture)) {
+            state.hasMeaningfulText = true;
+          }
+          events.push({ type: 'text', text: state.capture });
+          state.capture = '';
+          state.capturing = false;
+          resetIncrementalToolState(state);
+          continue;
+        }
         break;
       }
       state.capture = '';
       state.capturing = false;
+      resetIncrementalToolState(state);
       if (consumed.prefix) {
+        if (hasMeaningfulText(consumed.prefix)) {
+          state.hasMeaningfulText = true;
+        }
         events.push({ type: 'text', text: consumed.prefix });
       }
       if (Array.isArray(consumed.calls) && consumed.calls.length > 0) {
@@ -70,11 +105,15 @@ function processToolSieveChunk(state, chunk, toolNames) {
     if (start >= 0) {
       const prefix = state.pending.slice(0, start);
       if (prefix) {
+        if (hasMeaningfulText(prefix)) {
+          state.hasMeaningfulText = true;
+        }
         events.push({ type: 'text', text: prefix });
       }
       state.capture = state.pending.slice(start);
       state.pending = '';
       state.capturing = true;
+      resetIncrementalToolState(state);
       continue;
     }
 
@@ -83,6 +122,9 @@ function processToolSieveChunk(state, chunk, toolNames) {
       break;
     }
     state.pending = hold;
+    if (hasMeaningfulText(safe)) {
+      state.hasMeaningfulText = true;
+    }
     events.push({ type: 'text', text: safe });
   }
   return events;
@@ -94,24 +136,37 @@ function flushToolSieve(state, toolNames) {
   }
   const events = processToolSieveChunk(state, '', toolNames);
   if (state.capturing) {
-    const consumed = consumeToolCapture(state.capture, toolNames);
+    const consumed = consumeToolCapture(state, toolNames);
     if (consumed.ready) {
       if (consumed.prefix) {
+        if (hasMeaningfulText(consumed.prefix)) {
+          state.hasMeaningfulText = true;
+        }
         events.push({ type: 'text', text: consumed.prefix });
       }
       if (Array.isArray(consumed.calls) && consumed.calls.length > 0) {
         events.push({ type: 'tool_calls', calls: consumed.calls });
       }
       if (consumed.suffix) {
+        if (hasMeaningfulText(consumed.suffix)) {
+          state.hasMeaningfulText = true;
+        }
         events.push({ type: 'text', text: consumed.suffix });
       }
     } else if (state.capture) {
-      // Incomplete captured tool JSON at stream end: suppress raw capture.
+      if (hasMeaningfulText(state.capture)) {
+        state.hasMeaningfulText = true;
+      }
+      events.push({ type: 'text', text: state.capture });
     }
     state.capture = '';
     state.capturing = false;
+    resetIncrementalToolState(state);
   }
   if (state.pending) {
+    if (hasMeaningfulText(state.pending)) {
+      state.hasMeaningfulText = true;
+    }
     events.push({ type: 'text', text: state.pending });
     state.pending = '';
   }
@@ -159,7 +214,8 @@ function findToolSegmentStart(s) {
   return start >= 0 ? start : keyIdx;
 }
 
-function consumeToolCapture(captured, toolNames) {
+function consumeToolCapture(state, toolNames) {
+  const captured = state.capture;
   if (!captured) {
     return { ready: false, prefix: '', calls: [], suffix: '' };
   }
@@ -176,25 +232,361 @@ function consumeToolCapture(captured, toolNames) {
   if (!obj.ok) {
     return { ready: false, prefix: '', calls: [], suffix: '' };
   }
-  const parsed = parseToolCalls(captured.slice(start, obj.end), toolNames);
-  if (parsed.length === 0) {
-    // `tool_calls` key exists but strict JSON parse failed.
-    // Drop the captured object body to avoid leaking raw tool JSON.
+  const prefixPart = captured.slice(0, start);
+  const suffixPart = captured.slice(obj.end);
+  if (!state.toolNameSent && (state.hasMeaningfulText || hasMeaningfulText(prefixPart) || hasMeaningfulText(suffixPart))) {
     return {
       ready: true,
-      prefix: captured.slice(0, start),
+      prefix: captured,
       calls: [],
-      suffix: captured.slice(obj.end),
+      suffix: '',
+    };
+  }
+  const parsed = parseStandaloneToolCalls(captured.slice(start, obj.end), toolNames);
+  if (parsed.length === 0) {
+    if (state.toolNameSent) {
+      return {
+        ready: true,
+        prefix: prefixPart,
+        calls: [],
+        suffix: suffixPart,
+      };
+    }
+    return {
+      ready: true,
+      prefix: captured,
+      calls: [],
+      suffix: '',
+    };
+  }
+  if (state.toolNameSent) {
+    if (parsed.length > 1) {
+      return {
+        ready: true,
+        prefix: prefixPart,
+        calls: parsed.slice(1),
+        suffix: suffixPart,
+      };
+    }
+    return {
+      ready: true,
+      prefix: prefixPart,
+      calls: [],
+      suffix: suffixPart,
     };
   }
   return {
     ready: true,
-    prefix: captured.slice(0, start),
+    prefix: prefixPart,
     calls: parsed,
-    suffix: captured.slice(obj.end),
+    suffix: suffixPart,
   };
 }
 
+function buildIncrementalToolDeltas(state) {
+  const captured = state.capture || '';
+  if (!captured || state.hasMeaningfulText) {
+    return [];
+  }
+  const lower = captured.toLowerCase();
+  const keyIdx = lower.indexOf('tool_calls');
+  if (keyIdx < 0) {
+    return [];
+  }
+  const start = captured.slice(0, keyIdx).lastIndexOf('{');
+  if (start < 0 || hasMeaningfulText(captured.slice(0, start))) {
+    return [];
+  }
+  const callStart = findFirstToolCallObjectStart(captured, keyIdx);
+  if (callStart < 0) {
+    return [];
+  }
+
+  const deltas = [];
+  if (!state.toolName) {
+    const name = extractToolCallName(captured, callStart);
+    if (!name) {
+      return [];
+    }
+    state.toolName = name;
+  }
+
+  if (state.toolArgsStart < 0) {
+    const args = findToolCallArgsStart(captured, callStart);
+    if (args) {
+      state.toolArgsString = Boolean(args.stringMode);
+      state.toolArgsStart = state.toolArgsString ? args.start + 1 : args.start;
+      state.toolArgsSent = state.toolArgsStart;
+    }
+  }
+  if (!state.toolNameSent) {
+    if (state.toolArgsStart < 0) {
+      return [];
+    }
+    state.toolNameSent = true;
+    deltas.push({ index: 0, name: state.toolName });
+  }
+  if (state.toolArgsStart < 0 || state.toolArgsDone) {
+    return deltas;
+  }
+  const progress = scanToolCallArgsProgress(captured, state.toolArgsStart, state.toolArgsString);
+  if (!progress) {
+    return deltas;
+  }
+  if (progress.end > state.toolArgsSent) {
+    deltas.push({
+      index: 0,
+      arguments: captured.slice(state.toolArgsSent, progress.end),
+    });
+    state.toolArgsSent = progress.end;
+  }
+  if (progress.complete) {
+    state.toolArgsDone = true;
+  }
+  return deltas;
+}
+
+function findFirstToolCallObjectStart(text, keyIdx) {
+  const arrStart = findToolCallsArrayStart(text, keyIdx);
+  if (arrStart < 0) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+  const i = skipSpaces(text, arrStart + 1);
+  if (i >= text.length || text[i] !== '{') {
+    return -1;
+  }
+  return i;
+}
+
+function findToolCallsArrayStart(text, keyIdx) {
+  let i = keyIdx + 'tool_calls'.length;
+  while (i < text.length && text[i] !== ':') {
+    i += 1;
+  }
+  if (i >= text.length) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+  i = skipSpaces(text, i + 1);
+  if (i >= text.length || text[i] !== '[') {
+    return -1;
+  }
+  return i;
+}
+
+function extractToolCallName(text, callStart) {
+  let valueStart = findObjectFieldValueStart(text, callStart, ['name']);
+  if (valueStart < 0 || text[valueStart] !== '"') {
+    const fnStart = findFunctionObjectStart(text, callStart);
+    if (fnStart < 0) {
+      return '';
+    }
+    valueStart = findObjectFieldValueStart(text, fnStart, ['name']);
+    if (valueStart < 0 || text[valueStart] !== '"') {
+      return '';
+    }
+  }
+  const parsed = parseJSONStringLiteral(text, valueStart);
+  if (!parsed) {
+    return '';
+  }
+  return parsed.value;
+}
+
+function findToolCallArgsStart(text, callStart) {
+  const keys = ['input', 'arguments', 'args', 'parameters', 'params'];
+  let valueStart = findObjectFieldValueStart(text, callStart, keys);
+  if (valueStart < 0) {
+    const fnStart = findFunctionObjectStart(text, callStart);
+    if (fnStart < 0) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    valueStart = findObjectFieldValueStart(text, fnStart, keys);
+    if (valueStart < 0) {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+  if (valueStart >= text.length) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  const ch = text[valueStart];
+  if (ch === '{' || ch === '[') {
+    return { start: valueStart, stringMode: false };
+  }
+  if (ch === '"') {
+    return { start: valueStart, stringMode: true };
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+function scanToolCallArgsProgress(text, start, stringMode) {
+  if (start < 0 || start > text.length) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  if (stringMode) {
+    let escaped = false;
+    for (let i = start; i < text.length; i += 1) {
+      const ch = text[i];
+      if (escaped) {
+        escaped = false;
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (ch === '\\') {
+        escaped = true;
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (ch === '"') {
+        return { end: i, complete: true };
+      }
+    }
+    return { end: text.length, complete: false };
+  }
+  if (start >= text.length || (text[start] !== '{' && text[start] !== '[')) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  let depth = 0;
+  let quote = '';
+  let escaped = false;
+  for (let i = start; i < text.length; i += 1) {
+    const ch = text[i];
+    if (quote) {
+      if (escaped) {
+        escaped = false;
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (ch === '\\') {
+        escaped = true;
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (ch === quote) {
+        quote = '';
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (ch === '"' || ch === "'") {
+      quote = ch;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (ch === '{' || ch === '[') {
+      depth += 1;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (ch === '}' || ch === ']') {
+      depth -= 1;
+      if (depth === 0) {
+        return { end: i + 1, complete: true };
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return { end: text.length, complete: false };
+}
+
+function findObjectFieldValueStart(text, objStart, keys) {
+  if (!text || objStart < 0 || objStart >= text.length || text[objStart] !== '{') {
+    return -1;
+  }
+  let depth = 0;
+  let quote = '';
+  let escaped = false;
+  for (let i = objStart; i < text.length; i += 1) {
+    const ch = text[i];
+    if (quote) {
+      if (escaped) {
+        escaped = false;
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (ch === '\\') {
+        escaped = true;
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (ch === quote) {
+        quote = '';
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (ch === '"' || ch === "'") {
+      if (depth === 1) {
+        const parsed = parseJSONStringLiteral(text, i);
+        if (!parsed) {
+          return -1;
+        }
+        let j = skipSpaces(text, parsed.end);
+        if (j >= text.length || text[j] !== ':') {
+          i = parsed.end - 1;
+          continue;
+        }
+        j = skipSpaces(text, j + 1);
+        if (j >= text.length) {
+          return -1;
+        }
+        if (keys.includes(parsed.value)) {
+          return j;
+        }
+        i = j - 1;
+        continue;
+      }
+      quote = ch;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (ch === '{') {
+      depth += 1;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (ch === '}') {
+      depth -= 1;
+      if (depth === 0) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return -1;
+}
+
+function findFunctionObjectStart(text, callStart) {
+  const valueStart = findObjectFieldValueStart(text, callStart, ['function']);
+  if (valueStart < 0 || valueStart >= text.length || text[valueStart] !== '{') {
+    return -1;
+  }
+  return valueStart;
+}
+
+function parseJSONStringLiteral(text, start) {
+  if (!text || start < 0 || start >= text.length || text[start] !== '"') {
+    return null;
+  }
+  let out = '';
+  let escaped = false;
+  for (let i = start + 1; i < text.length; i += 1) {
+    const ch = text[i];
+    if (escaped) {
+      out += ch;
+      escaped = false;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (ch === '\\') {
+      escaped = true;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (ch === '"') {
+      return { value: out, end: i + 1 };
+    }
+    out += ch;
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+function skipSpaces(text, i) {
+  let idx = i;
+  while (idx < text.length) {
+    const ch = text[idx];
+    if (ch === ' ' || ch === '\t' || ch === '\n' || ch === '\r') {
+      idx += 1;
+      continue;
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+  return idx;
+}
+
 function extractJSONObjectFrom(text, start) {
   if (!text || start < 0 || start >= text.length || text[start] !== '{') {
     return { ok: false, end: 0 };
@@ -251,26 +643,35 @@ function parseToolCalls(text, toolNames) {
   if (parsed.length === 0) {
     return [];
   }
-  const allowed = new Set((toolNames || []).filter(Boolean));
-  const out = [];
-  for (const tc of parsed) {
-    if (!tc || !tc.name) {
-      continue;
-    }
-    if (allowed.size > 0 && !allowed.has(tc.name)) {
-      continue;
-    }
-    out.push({ name: tc.name, input: tc.input || {} });
+  return filterToolCalls(parsed, toolNames);
+}
+
+function parseStandaloneToolCalls(text, toolNames) {
+  const trimmed = toStringSafe(text);
+  if (!trimmed) {
+    return [];
   }
-  if (out.length === 0 && parsed.length > 0) {
-    for (const tc of parsed) {
-      if (!tc || !tc.name) {
-        continue;
-      }
-      out.push({ name: tc.name, input: tc.input || {} });
+  const candidates = [trimmed];
+  if (trimmed.startsWith('```') && trimmed.endsWith('```')) {
+    const m = trimmed.match(/```(?:json)?\s*([\s\S]*?)\s*```/i);
+    if (m && m[1]) {
+      candidates.push(toStringSafe(m[1]));
     }
   }
-  return out;
+  for (const candidate of candidates) {
+    const c = toStringSafe(candidate);
+    if (!c) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (!c.startsWith('{') && !c.startsWith('[')) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    const parsed = parseToolCallsPayload(c);
+    if (parsed.length > 0) {
+      return filterToolCalls(parsed, toolNames);
+    }
+  }
+  return [];
 }
 
 function buildToolCallCandidates(text) {
@@ -432,6 +833,33 @@ function parseToolCallInput(v) {
   return {};
 }
 
+function filterToolCalls(parsed, toolNames) {
+  const allowed = new Set((toolNames || []).filter(Boolean));
+  const out = [];
+  for (const tc of parsed) {
+    if (!tc || !tc.name) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (allowed.size > 0 && !allowed.has(tc.name)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    out.push({ name: tc.name, input: tc.input || {} });
+  }
+  if (out.length === 0 && parsed.length > 0) {
+    for (const tc of parsed) {
+      if (!tc || !tc.name) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      out.push({ name: tc.name, input: tc.input || {} });
+    }
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+function hasMeaningfulText(text) {
+  return toStringSafe(text) !== '';
+}
+
 function formatOpenAIStreamToolCalls(calls) {
   if (!Array.isArray(calls) || calls.length === 0) {
     return [];
@@ -473,5 +901,6 @@ module.exports = {
   processToolSieveChunk,
   flushToolSieve,
   parseToolCalls,
+  parseStandaloneToolCalls,
   formatOpenAIStreamToolCalls,
 };
diff --git a/api/helpers/stream-tool-sieve.test.js b/api/helpers/stream-tool-sieve.test.js
index 47b3100..ad1dc0b 100644
--- a/api/helpers/stream-tool-sieve.test.js
+++ b/api/helpers/stream-tool-sieve.test.js
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ const {
   processToolSieveChunk,
   flushToolSieve,
   parseToolCalls,
+  parseStandaloneToolCalls,
 } = require('./stream-tool-sieve');
 
 function runSieve(chunks, toolNames) {
@@ -73,6 +74,15 @@ test('parseToolCalls supports fenced json and function.arguments string payload'
   assert.deepEqual(calls[0].input, { path: 'README.md' });
 });
 
+test('parseStandaloneToolCalls only matches standalone payload and ignores mixed prose', () => {
+  const mixed = '这里是示例：{"tool_calls":[{"name":"read_file","input":{"path":"README.MD"}}]}，请勿执行。';
+  const standalone = '{"tool_calls":[{"name":"read_file","input":{"path":"README.MD"}}]}';
+  const mixedCalls = parseStandaloneToolCalls(mixed, ['read_file']);
+  const standaloneCalls = parseStandaloneToolCalls(standalone, ['read_file']);
+  assert.equal(mixedCalls.length, 0);
+  assert.equal(standaloneCalls.length, 1);
+});
+
 test('sieve emits tool_calls and does not leak suspicious prefix on late key convergence', () => {
   const events = runSieve(
     [
@@ -84,13 +94,14 @@ test('sieve emits tool_calls and does not leak suspicious prefix on late key con
   );
   const leakedText = collectText(events);
   const hasToolCall = events.some((evt) => evt.type === 'tool_calls' && Array.isArray(evt.calls) && evt.calls.length > 0);
-  assert.equal(hasToolCall, true);
+  const hasToolDelta = events.some((evt) => evt.type === 'tool_call_deltas' && Array.isArray(evt.deltas) && evt.deltas.length > 0);
+  assert.equal(hasToolCall || hasToolDelta, true);
   assert.equal(leakedText.includes('{'), false);
   assert.equal(leakedText.toLowerCase().includes('tool_calls'), false);
   assert.equal(leakedText.includes('后置正文C。'), true);
 });
 
-test('sieve drops invalid tool json body while preserving surrounding text', () => {
+test('sieve keeps embedded invalid tool-like json as normal text to avoid stream stalls', () => {
   const events = runSieve(
     [
       '前置正文D。',
@@ -104,18 +115,18 @@ test('sieve drops invalid tool json body while preserving surrounding text', ()
   assert.equal(hasToolCall, false);
   assert.equal(leakedText.includes('前置正文D。'), true);
   assert.equal(leakedText.includes('后置正文E。'), true);
-  assert.equal(leakedText.toLowerCase().includes('tool_calls'), false);
+  assert.equal(leakedText.toLowerCase().includes('tool_calls'), true);
 });
 
-test('sieve suppresses incomplete captured tool json on stream finalize', () => {
+test('sieve flushes incomplete captured tool json as text on stream finalize', () => {
   const events = runSieve(
     ['前置正文F。', '{"tool_calls":[{"name":"read_file"'],
     ['read_file'],
   );
   const leakedText = collectText(events);
   assert.equal(leakedText.includes('前置正文F。'), true);
-  assert.equal(leakedText.toLowerCase().includes('tool_calls'), false);
-  assert.equal(leakedText.includes('{'), false);
+  assert.equal(leakedText.toLowerCase().includes('tool_calls'), true);
+  assert.equal(leakedText.includes('{'), true);
 });
 
 test('sieve keeps plain text intact in tool mode when no tool call appears', () => {
@@ -128,3 +139,29 @@ test('sieve keeps plain text intact in tool mode when no tool call appears', ()
   assert.equal(hasToolCall, false);
   assert.equal(leakedText, '你好，这是普通文本回复。请继续。');
 });
+
+test('sieve emits incremental tool_call_deltas for split arguments payload', () => {
+  const state = createToolSieveState();
+  const first = processToolSieveChunk(
+    state,
+    '{"tool_calls":[{"name":"read_file","input":{"path":"READ',
+    ['read_file'],
+  );
+  const second = processToolSieveChunk(
+    state,
+    'ME.MD","mode":"head"}}]}',
+    ['read_file'],
+  );
+  const tail = flushToolSieve(state, ['read_file']);
+  const events = [...first, ...second, ...tail];
+  const deltaEvents = events.filter((evt) => evt.type === 'tool_call_deltas');
+  assert.equal(deltaEvents.length > 0, true);
+  const merged = deltaEvents.flatMap((evt) => evt.deltas || []);
+  const hasName = merged.some((d) => d.name === 'read_file');
+  const argsJoined = merged
+    .map((d) => d.arguments || '')
+    .join('');
+  assert.equal(hasName, true);
+  assert.equal(argsJoined.includes('"path":"README.MD"'), true);
+  assert.equal(argsJoined.includes('"mode":"head"'), true);
+});
diff --git a/internal/adapter/openai/handler.go b/internal/adapter/openai/handler.go
index 1602cf6..962e450 100644
--- a/internal/adapter/openai/handler.go
+++ b/internal/adapter/openai/handler.go
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/go-chi/chi/v5"
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
 
 	"ds2api/internal/auth"
 	"ds2api/internal/config"
@@ -134,7 +135,7 @@ func (h *Handler) handleNonStream(w http.ResponseWriter, ctx context.Context, re
 
 	finalThinking := result.Thinking
 	finalText := result.Text
-	detected := util.ParseToolCalls(finalText, toolNames)
+	detected := util.ParseStandaloneToolCalls(finalText, toolNames)
 	finishReason := "stop"
 	messageObj := map[string]any{"role": "assistant", "content": finalText}
 	if thinkingEnabled && finalThinking != "" {
@@ -188,6 +189,7 @@ func (h *Handler) handleStream(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, resp *htt
 	bufferToolContent := len(toolNames) > 0
 	var toolSieve toolStreamSieveState
 	toolCallsEmitted := false
+	streamToolCallIDs := map[int]string{}
 	initialType := "text"
 	if thinkingEnabled {
 		initialType = "thinking"
@@ -220,7 +222,7 @@ func (h *Handler) handleStream(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, resp *htt
 	finalize := func(finishReason string) {
 		finalThinking := thinking.String()
 		finalText := text.String()
-		detected := util.ParseToolCalls(finalText, toolNames)
+		detected := util.ParseStandaloneToolCalls(finalText, toolNames)
 		if len(detected) > 0 && !toolCallsEmitted {
 			finishReason = "tool_calls"
 			delta := map[string]any{
@@ -352,6 +354,21 @@ func (h *Handler) handleStream(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, resp *htt
 							// Keep thinking delta only frame.
 						}
 						for _, evt := range events {
+							if len(evt.ToolCallDeltas) > 0 {
+								toolCallsEmitted = true
+								tcDelta := map[string]any{
+									"tool_calls": formatIncrementalStreamToolCallDeltas(evt.ToolCallDeltas, streamToolCallIDs),
+								}
+								if !firstChunkSent {
+									tcDelta["role"] = "assistant"
+									firstChunkSent = true
+								}
+								newChoices = append(newChoices, map[string]any{
+									"delta": tcDelta,
+									"index": 0,
+								})
+								continue
+							}
 							if len(evt.ToolCalls) > 0 {
 								toolCallsEmitted = true
 								tcDelta := map[string]any{
@@ -441,6 +458,40 @@ func injectToolPrompt(messages []map[string]any, tools []any) ([]map[string]any,
 	return messages, names
 }
 
+func formatIncrementalStreamToolCallDeltas(deltas []toolCallDelta, ids map[int]string) []map[string]any {
+	if len(deltas) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]map[string]any, 0, len(deltas))
+	for _, d := range deltas {
+		if d.Name == "" && d.Arguments == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		callID, ok := ids[d.Index]
+		if !ok || callID == "" {
+			callID = "call_" + strings.ReplaceAll(uuid.NewString(), "-", "")
+			ids[d.Index] = callID
+		}
+		item := map[string]any{
+			"index": d.Index,
+			"id":    callID,
+			"type":  "function",
+		}
+		fn := map[string]any{}
+		if d.Name != "" {
+			fn["name"] = d.Name
+		}
+		if d.Arguments != "" {
+			fn["arguments"] = d.Arguments
+		}
+		if len(fn) > 0 {
+			item["function"] = fn
+		}
+		out = append(out, item)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
 func writeOpenAIError(w http.ResponseWriter, status int, message string) {
 	writeJSON(w, status, map[string]any{
 		"error": map[string]any{
diff --git a/internal/adapter/openai/handler_toolcall_test.go b/internal/adapter/openai/handler_toolcall_test.go
index f9c44dd..30197d7 100644
--- a/internal/adapter/openai/handler_toolcall_test.go
+++ b/internal/adapter/openai/handler_toolcall_test.go
@@ -100,6 +100,26 @@ func streamFinishReason(frames []map[string]any) string {
 	return ""
 }
 
+func streamToolCallArgumentChunks(frames []map[string]any) []string {
+	out := make([]string, 0, 4)
+	for _, frame := range frames {
+		choices, _ := frame["choices"].([]any)
+		for _, item := range choices {
+			choice, _ := item.(map[string]any)
+			delta, _ := choice["delta"].(map[string]any)
+			toolCalls, _ := delta["tool_calls"].([]any)
+			for _, tc := range toolCalls {
+				tcm, _ := tc.(map[string]any)
+				fn, _ := tcm["function"].(map[string]any)
+				if args, ok := fn["arguments"].(string); ok && args != "" {
+					out = append(out, args)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
 func TestHandleNonStreamToolCallInterceptsChatModel(t *testing.T) {
 	h := &Handler{}
 	resp := makeSSEHTTPResponse(
@@ -190,6 +210,37 @@ func TestHandleNonStreamUnknownToolStillIntercepted(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestHandleNonStreamEmbeddedToolCallExampleNotIntercepted(t *testing.T) {
+	h := &Handler{}
+	resp := makeSSEHTTPResponse(
+		`data: {"p":"response/content","v":"下面是示例："}`,
+		`data: {"p":"response/content","v":"{\"tool_calls\":[{\"name\":\"search\",\"input\":{\"q\":\"go\"}}]}"}`,
+		`data: {"p":"response/content","v":"请勿执行。"}`,
+		`data: [DONE]`,
+	)
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	h.handleNonStream(rec, context.Background(), resp, "cid2c", "deepseek-chat", "prompt", false, false, []string{"search"})
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected status: %d", rec.Code)
+	}
+
+	out := decodeJSONBody(t, rec.Body.String())
+	choices, _ := out["choices"].([]any)
+	choice, _ := choices[0].(map[string]any)
+	if choice["finish_reason"] != "stop" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected finish_reason=stop, got %#v", choice["finish_reason"])
+	}
+	msg, _ := choice["message"].(map[string]any)
+	if _, ok := msg["tool_calls"]; ok {
+		t.Fatalf("did not expect tool_calls field for embedded example: %#v", msg["tool_calls"])
+	}
+	content, _ := msg["content"].(string)
+	if !strings.Contains(content, "示例") || !strings.Contains(content, `"tool_calls"`) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected embedded example to pass through as text, got %q", content)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestHandleStreamToolCallInterceptsWithoutRawContentLeak(t *testing.T) {
 	h := &Handler{}
 	resp := makeSSEHTTPResponse(
@@ -391,11 +442,8 @@ func TestHandleStreamToolCallMixedWithPlainTextSegments(t *testing.T) {
 	if !done {
 		t.Fatalf("expected [DONE], body=%s", rec.Body.String())
 	}
-	if !streamHasToolCallsDelta(frames) {
-		t.Fatalf("expected tool_calls delta in mixed stream, body=%s", rec.Body.String())
-	}
-	if streamHasRawToolJSONContent(frames) {
-		t.Fatalf("raw tool_calls JSON leaked in mixed stream: %s", rec.Body.String())
+	if streamHasToolCallsDelta(frames) {
+		t.Fatalf("did not expect tool_calls delta in mixed prose stream, body=%s", rec.Body.String())
 	}
 	content := strings.Builder{}
 	for _, frame := range frames {
@@ -412,8 +460,11 @@ func TestHandleStreamToolCallMixedWithPlainTextSegments(t *testing.T) {
 	if !strings.Contains(got, "前置正文A。") || !strings.Contains(got, "后置正文B。") {
 		t.Fatalf("expected pre/post plain text to pass sieve, got=%q", got)
 	}
-	if streamFinishReason(frames) != "tool_calls" {
-		t.Fatalf("expected finish_reason=tool_calls, body=%s", rec.Body.String())
+	if !strings.Contains(got, `"tool_calls"`) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected mixed stream to preserve embedded tool_calls example text, got=%q", got)
+	}
+	if streamFinishReason(frames) != "stop" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected finish_reason=stop for mixed prose, body=%s", rec.Body.String())
 	}
 }
 
@@ -495,16 +546,16 @@ func TestHandleStreamInvalidToolJSONDoesNotLeakRawObject(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	got := strings.ToLower(content.String())
-	if strings.Contains(got, "tool_calls") {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected raw tool_calls leak in content: %q", content.String())
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(content.String(), "前置正文D。") || !strings.Contains(content.String(), "后置正文E。") {
+	got := content.String()
+	if !strings.Contains(got, "前置正文D。") || !strings.Contains(got, "后置正文E。") {
 		t.Fatalf("expected pre/post plain text to remain, got=%q", content.String())
 	}
+	if !strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(got), "tool_calls") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected invalid embedded tool-like json to pass through as text, got=%q", got)
+	}
 }
 
-func TestHandleStreamIncompleteCapturedToolJSONDoesNotLeakOnFinalize(t *testing.T) {
+func TestHandleStreamIncompleteCapturedToolJSONFlushesAsTextOnFinalize(t *testing.T) {
 	h := &Handler{}
 	resp := makeSSEHTTPResponse(
 		`data: {"p":"response/content","v":"{\"tool_calls\":[{\"name\":\"search\""}`,
@@ -533,7 +584,42 @@ func TestHandleStreamIncompleteCapturedToolJSONDoesNotLeakOnFinalize(t *testing.
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	if strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(content.String()), "tool_calls") || strings.Contains(content.String(), "{") {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected incomplete tool json leak in content: %q", content.String())
+	if !strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(content.String()), "tool_calls") || !strings.Contains(content.String(), "{") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected incomplete capture to flush as plain text instead of stalling, got=%q", content.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandleStreamToolCallArgumentsEmitIncrementally(t *testing.T) {
+	h := &Handler{}
+	resp := makeSSEHTTPResponse(
+		`data: {"p":"response/content","v":"{\"tool_calls\":[{\"name\":\"search\",\"input\":{\"q\":\"go"}`,
+		`data: {"p":"response/content","v":"lang\",\"page\":1}}]}"}`,
+		`data: [DONE]`,
+	)
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/v1/chat/completions", nil)
+
+	h.handleStream(rec, req, resp, "cid11", "deepseek-chat", "prompt", false, false, []string{"search"})
+
+	frames, done := parseSSEDataFrames(t, rec.Body.String())
+	if !done {
+		t.Fatalf("expected [DONE], body=%s", rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	if !streamHasToolCallsDelta(frames) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected tool_calls delta, body=%s", rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	if streamHasRawToolJSONContent(frames) {
+		t.Fatalf("raw tool_calls JSON leaked in content delta: %s", rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	argChunks := streamToolCallArgumentChunks(frames)
+	if len(argChunks) < 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected incremental arguments chunks, got=%v body=%s", argChunks, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	joined := strings.Join(argChunks, "")
+	if !strings.Contains(joined, `"q":"golang"`) || !strings.Contains(joined, `"page":1`) {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected merged arguments stream: %q", joined)
+	}
+	if streamFinishReason(frames) != "tool_calls" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected finish_reason=tool_calls, body=%s", rec.Body.String())
 	}
 }
diff --git a/internal/adapter/openai/tool_sieve.go b/internal/adapter/openai/tool_sieve.go
index d1a9014..d890314 100644
--- a/internal/adapter/openai/tool_sieve.go
+++ b/internal/adapter/openai/tool_sieve.go
@@ -7,14 +7,39 @@ import (
 )
 
 type toolStreamSieveState struct {
-	pending   strings.Builder
-	capture   strings.Builder
-	capturing bool
+	pending           strings.Builder
+	capture           strings.Builder
+	capturing         bool
+	hasMeaningfulText bool
+	toolNameSent      bool
+	toolName          string
+	toolArgsStart     int
+	toolArgsSent      int
+	toolArgsString    bool
+	toolArgsDone      bool
 }
 
 type toolStreamEvent struct {
-	Content   string
-	ToolCalls []util.ParsedToolCall
+	Content        string
+	ToolCalls      []util.ParsedToolCall
+	ToolCallDeltas []toolCallDelta
+}
+
+type toolCallDelta struct {
+	Index     int
+	Name      string
+	Arguments string
+}
+
+const toolSieveCaptureLimit = 8 * 1024
+
+func (s *toolStreamSieveState) resetIncrementalToolState() {
+	s.toolNameSent = false
+	s.toolName = ""
+	s.toolArgsStart = -1
+	s.toolArgsSent = -1
+	s.toolArgsString = false
+	s.toolArgsDone = false
 }
 
 func processToolSieveChunk(state *toolStreamSieveState, chunk string, toolNames []string) []toolStreamEvent {
@@ -32,13 +57,31 @@ func processToolSieveChunk(state *toolStreamSieveState, chunk string, toolNames
 				state.capture.WriteString(state.pending.String())
 				state.pending.Reset()
 			}
-			prefix, calls, suffix, ready := consumeToolCapture(state.capture.String(), toolNames)
+			if deltas := buildIncrementalToolDeltas(state); len(deltas) > 0 {
+				events = append(events, toolStreamEvent{ToolCallDeltas: deltas})
+			}
+			prefix, calls, suffix, ready := consumeToolCapture(state, toolNames)
 			if !ready {
+				if state.capture.Len() > toolSieveCaptureLimit {
+					content := state.capture.String()
+					state.capture.Reset()
+					state.capturing = false
+					state.resetIncrementalToolState()
+					if strings.TrimSpace(content) != "" {
+						state.hasMeaningfulText = true
+					}
+					events = append(events, toolStreamEvent{Content: content})
+					continue
+				}
 				break
 			}
 			state.capture.Reset()
 			state.capturing = false
+			state.resetIncrementalToolState()
 			if prefix != "" {
+				if strings.TrimSpace(prefix) != "" {
+					state.hasMeaningfulText = true
+				}
 				events = append(events, toolStreamEvent{Content: prefix})
 			}
 			if len(calls) > 0 {
@@ -58,11 +101,15 @@ func processToolSieveChunk(state *toolStreamSieveState, chunk string, toolNames
 		if start >= 0 {
 			prefix := pending[:start]
 			if prefix != "" {
+				if strings.TrimSpace(prefix) != "" {
+					state.hasMeaningfulText = true
+				}
 				events = append(events, toolStreamEvent{Content: prefix})
 			}
 			state.pending.Reset()
 			state.capture.WriteString(pending[start:])
 			state.capturing = true
+			state.resetIncrementalToolState()
 			continue
 		}
 
@@ -72,6 +119,9 @@ func processToolSieveChunk(state *toolStreamSieveState, chunk string, toolNames
 		}
 		state.pending.Reset()
 		state.pending.WriteString(hold)
+		if strings.TrimSpace(safe) != "" {
+			state.hasMeaningfulText = true
+		}
 		events = append(events, toolStreamEvent{Content: safe})
 	}
 
@@ -84,25 +134,42 @@ func flushToolSieve(state *toolStreamSieveState, toolNames []string) []toolStrea
 	}
 	events := processToolSieveChunk(state, "", toolNames)
 	if state.capturing {
-		consumedPrefix, consumedCalls, consumedSuffix, ready := consumeToolCapture(state.capture.String(), toolNames)
+		consumedPrefix, consumedCalls, consumedSuffix, ready := consumeToolCapture(state, toolNames)
 		if ready {
 			if consumedPrefix != "" {
+				if strings.TrimSpace(consumedPrefix) != "" {
+					state.hasMeaningfulText = true
+				}
 				events = append(events, toolStreamEvent{Content: consumedPrefix})
 			}
 			if len(consumedCalls) > 0 {
 				events = append(events, toolStreamEvent{ToolCalls: consumedCalls})
 			}
 			if consumedSuffix != "" {
+				if strings.TrimSpace(consumedSuffix) != "" {
+					state.hasMeaningfulText = true
+				}
 				events = append(events, toolStreamEvent{Content: consumedSuffix})
 			}
 		} else {
-			// Incomplete captured tool JSON at stream end: suppress raw capture.
+			content := state.capture.String()
+			if content != "" {
+				if strings.TrimSpace(content) != "" {
+					state.hasMeaningfulText = true
+				}
+				events = append(events, toolStreamEvent{Content: content})
+			}
 		}
 		state.capture.Reset()
 		state.capturing = false
+		state.resetIncrementalToolState()
 	}
 	if state.pending.Len() > 0 {
-		events = append(events, toolStreamEvent{Content: state.pending.String()})
+		content := state.pending.String()
+		if strings.TrimSpace(content) != "" {
+			state.hasMeaningfulText = true
+		}
+		events = append(events, toolStreamEvent{Content: content})
 		state.pending.Reset()
 	}
 	return events
@@ -154,7 +221,8 @@ func findToolSegmentStart(s string) int {
 	return keyIdx
 }
 
-func consumeToolCapture(captured string, toolNames []string) (prefix string, calls []util.ParsedToolCall, suffix string, ready bool) {
+func consumeToolCapture(state *toolStreamSieveState, toolNames []string) (prefix string, calls []util.ParsedToolCall, suffix string, ready bool) {
+	captured := state.capture.String()
 	if captured == "" {
 		return "", nil, "", false
 	}
@@ -171,13 +239,25 @@ func consumeToolCapture(captured string, toolNames []string) (prefix string, cal
 	if !ok {
 		return "", nil, "", false
 	}
-	parsed := util.ParseToolCalls(obj, toolNames)
-	if len(parsed) == 0 {
-		// `tool_calls` key exists but strict JSON parse failed.
-		// Drop the captured object body to avoid leaking raw tool JSON.
-		return captured[:start], nil, captured[end:], true
+	prefixPart := captured[:start]
+	suffixPart := captured[end:]
+	if !state.toolNameSent && (state.hasMeaningfulText || strings.TrimSpace(prefixPart) != "" || strings.TrimSpace(suffixPart) != "") {
+		return captured, nil, "", true
 	}
-	return captured[:start], parsed, captured[end:], true
+	parsed := util.ParseStandaloneToolCalls(obj, toolNames)
+	if len(parsed) == 0 {
+		if state.toolNameSent {
+			return prefixPart, nil, suffixPart, true
+		}
+		return captured, nil, "", true
+	}
+	if state.toolNameSent {
+		if len(parsed) > 1 {
+			return prefixPart, parsed[1:], suffixPart, true
+		}
+		return prefixPart, nil, suffixPart, true
+	}
+	return prefixPart, parsed, suffixPart, true
 }
 
 func extractJSONObjectFrom(text string, start int) (string, int, bool) {
@@ -221,3 +301,320 @@ func extractJSONObjectFrom(text string, start int) (string, int, bool) {
 	}
 	return "", 0, false
 }
+
+func buildIncrementalToolDeltas(state *toolStreamSieveState) []toolCallDelta {
+	captured := state.capture.String()
+	if captured == "" || state.hasMeaningfulText {
+		return nil
+	}
+	lower := strings.ToLower(captured)
+	keyIdx := strings.Index(lower, "tool_calls")
+	if keyIdx < 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	start := strings.LastIndex(captured[:keyIdx], "{")
+	if start < 0 || strings.TrimSpace(captured[:start]) != "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	callStart, ok := findFirstToolCallObjectStart(captured, keyIdx)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+	deltas := make([]toolCallDelta, 0, 2)
+	if state.toolName == "" {
+		name, ok := extractToolCallName(captured, callStart)
+		if !ok || name == "" {
+			return nil
+		}
+		state.toolName = name
+	}
+	if state.toolArgsStart < 0 {
+		argsStart, stringMode, ok := findToolCallArgsStart(captured, callStart)
+		if ok {
+			state.toolArgsString = stringMode
+			if stringMode {
+				state.toolArgsStart = argsStart + 1
+			} else {
+				state.toolArgsStart = argsStart
+			}
+			state.toolArgsSent = state.toolArgsStart
+		}
+	}
+	if !state.toolNameSent {
+		if state.toolArgsStart < 0 {
+			return nil
+		}
+		state.toolNameSent = true
+		deltas = append(deltas, toolCallDelta{Index: 0, Name: state.toolName})
+	}
+	if state.toolArgsStart < 0 || state.toolArgsDone {
+		return deltas
+	}
+	end, complete, ok := scanToolCallArgsProgress(captured, state.toolArgsStart, state.toolArgsString)
+	if !ok {
+		return deltas
+	}
+	if end > state.toolArgsSent {
+		deltas = append(deltas, toolCallDelta{
+			Index:     0,
+			Arguments: captured[state.toolArgsSent:end],
+		})
+		state.toolArgsSent = end
+	}
+	if complete {
+		state.toolArgsDone = true
+	}
+	return deltas
+}
+
+func findFirstToolCallObjectStart(text string, keyIdx int) (int, bool) {
+	arrStart, ok := findToolCallsArrayStart(text, keyIdx)
+	if !ok {
+		return -1, false
+	}
+	i := skipSpaces(text, arrStart+1)
+	if i >= len(text) || text[i] != '{' {
+		return -1, false
+	}
+	return i, true
+}
+
+func findToolCallsArrayStart(text string, keyIdx int) (int, bool) {
+	i := keyIdx + len("tool_calls")
+	for i < len(text) && text[i] != ':' {
+		i++
+	}
+	if i >= len(text) {
+		return -1, false
+	}
+	i = skipSpaces(text, i+1)
+	if i >= len(text) || text[i] != '[' {
+		return -1, false
+	}
+	return i, true
+}
+
+func extractToolCallName(text string, callStart int) (string, bool) {
+	valueStart, ok := findObjectFieldValueStart(text, callStart, []string{"name"})
+	if !ok || valueStart >= len(text) || text[valueStart] != '"' {
+		fnStart, fnOK := findFunctionObjectStart(text, callStart)
+		if !fnOK {
+			return "", false
+		}
+		valueStart, ok = findObjectFieldValueStart(text, fnStart, []string{"name"})
+		if !ok || valueStart >= len(text) || text[valueStart] != '"' {
+			return "", false
+		}
+	}
+	name, _, ok := parseJSONStringLiteral(text, valueStart)
+	if !ok {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	return name, true
+}
+
+func findToolCallArgsStart(text string, callStart int) (int, bool, bool) {
+	keys := []string{"input", "arguments", "args", "parameters", "params"}
+	valueStart, ok := findObjectFieldValueStart(text, callStart, keys)
+	if !ok {
+		fnStart, fnOK := findFunctionObjectStart(text, callStart)
+		if !fnOK {
+			return -1, false, false
+		}
+		valueStart, ok = findObjectFieldValueStart(text, fnStart, keys)
+		if !ok {
+			return -1, false, false
+		}
+	}
+	if valueStart >= len(text) {
+		return -1, false, false
+	}
+	ch := text[valueStart]
+	if ch == '{' || ch == '[' {
+		return valueStart, false, true
+	}
+	if ch == '"' {
+		return valueStart, true, true
+	}
+	return -1, false, false
+}
+
+func scanToolCallArgsProgress(text string, start int, stringMode bool) (int, bool, bool) {
+	if start < 0 || start > len(text) {
+		return 0, false, false
+	}
+	if stringMode {
+		escaped := false
+		for i := start; i < len(text); i++ {
+			ch := text[i]
+			if escaped {
+				escaped = false
+				continue
+			}
+			if ch == '\\' {
+				escaped = true
+				continue
+			}
+			if ch == '"' {
+				return i, true, true
+			}
+		}
+		return len(text), false, true
+	}
+	if start >= len(text) {
+		return start, false, false
+	}
+	if text[start] != '{' && text[start] != '[' {
+		return 0, false, false
+	}
+	depth := 0
+	quote := byte(0)
+	escaped := false
+	for i := start; i < len(text); i++ {
+		ch := text[i]
+		if quote != 0 {
+			if escaped {
+				escaped = false
+				continue
+			}
+			if ch == '\\' {
+				escaped = true
+				continue
+			}
+			if ch == quote {
+				quote = 0
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		if ch == '"' || ch == '\'' {
+			quote = ch
+			continue
+		}
+		if ch == '{' || ch == '[' {
+			depth++
+			continue
+		}
+		if ch == '}' || ch == ']' {
+			depth--
+			if depth == 0 {
+				return i + 1, true, true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return len(text), false, true
+}
+
+func findObjectFieldValueStart(text string, objStart int, keys []string) (int, bool) {
+	if objStart < 0 || objStart >= len(text) || text[objStart] != '{' {
+		return 0, false
+	}
+	depth := 0
+	quote := byte(0)
+	escaped := false
+	for i := objStart; i < len(text); i++ {
+		ch := text[i]
+		if quote != 0 {
+			if escaped {
+				escaped = false
+				continue
+			}
+			if ch == '\\' {
+				escaped = true
+				continue
+			}
+			if ch == quote {
+				quote = 0
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		if ch == '"' || ch == '\'' {
+			if depth == 1 {
+				key, end, ok := parseJSONStringLiteral(text, i)
+				if !ok {
+					return 0, false
+				}
+				j := skipSpaces(text, end)
+				if j >= len(text) || text[j] != ':' {
+					i = end - 1
+					continue
+				}
+				j = skipSpaces(text, j+1)
+				if j >= len(text) {
+					return 0, false
+				}
+				if containsKey(keys, key) {
+					return j, true
+				}
+				i = j - 1
+				continue
+			}
+			quote = ch
+			continue
+		}
+		if ch == '{' {
+			depth++
+			continue
+		}
+		if ch == '}' {
+			depth--
+			if depth == 0 {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return 0, false
+}
+
+func findFunctionObjectStart(text string, callStart int) (int, bool) {
+	valueStart, ok := findObjectFieldValueStart(text, callStart, []string{"function"})
+	if !ok || valueStart >= len(text) || text[valueStart] != '{' {
+		return -1, false
+	}
+	return valueStart, true
+}
+
+func parseJSONStringLiteral(text string, start int) (string, int, bool) {
+	if start < 0 || start >= len(text) || text[start] != '"' {
+		return "", 0, false
+	}
+	var b strings.Builder
+	escaped := false
+	for i := start + 1; i < len(text); i++ {
+		ch := text[i]
+		if escaped {
+			b.WriteByte(ch)
+			escaped = false
+			continue
+		}
+		if ch == '\\' {
+			escaped = true
+			continue
+		}
+		if ch == '"' {
+			return b.String(), i + 1, true
+		}
+		b.WriteByte(ch)
+	}
+	return "", 0, false
+}
+
+func containsKey(keys []string, value string) bool {
+	for _, k := range keys {
+		if k == value {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func skipSpaces(text string, i int) int {
+	for i < len(text) {
+		switch text[i] {
+		case ' ', '\t', '\n', '\r':
+			i++
+		default:
+			return i
+		}
+	}
+	return i
+}
diff --git a/internal/util/toolcalls.go b/internal/util/toolcalls.go
index 9b9d4e6..4760546 100644
--- a/internal/util/toolcalls.go
+++ b/internal/util/toolcalls.go
@@ -33,6 +33,36 @@ func ParseToolCalls(text string, availableToolNames []string) []ParsedToolCall {
 		return nil
 	}
 
+	return filterToolCalls(parsed, availableToolNames)
+}
+
+func ParseStandaloneToolCalls(text string, availableToolNames []string) []ParsedToolCall {
+	trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(text)
+	if trimmed == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	candidates := []string{trimmed}
+	if strings.HasPrefix(trimmed, "```") && strings.HasSuffix(trimmed, "```") {
+		if m := fencedJSONPattern.FindStringSubmatch(trimmed); len(m) >= 2 {
+			candidates = append(candidates, strings.TrimSpace(m[1]))
+		}
+	}
+	for _, candidate := range candidates {
+		candidate = strings.TrimSpace(candidate)
+		if candidate == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(candidate, "{") && !strings.HasPrefix(candidate, "[") {
+			continue
+		}
+		if parsed := parseToolCallsPayload(candidate); len(parsed) > 0 {
+			return filterToolCalls(parsed, availableToolNames)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func filterToolCalls(parsed []ParsedToolCall, availableToolNames []string) []ParsedToolCall {
 	allowed := map[string]struct{}{}
 	for _, name := range availableToolNames {
 		allowed[name] = struct{}{}
diff --git a/internal/util/toolcalls_test.go b/internal/util/toolcalls_test.go
index 8c44320..8a29a18 100644
--- a/internal/util/toolcalls_test.go
+++ b/internal/util/toolcalls_test.go
@@ -62,3 +62,16 @@ func TestFormatOpenAIToolCalls(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected function name: %#v", fn)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestParseStandaloneToolCallsOnlyMatchesStandalonePayload(t *testing.T) {
+	mixed := `这里是示例：{"tool_calls":[{"name":"search","input":{"q":"go"}}]}`
+	if calls := ParseStandaloneToolCalls(mixed, []string{"search"}); len(calls) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected standalone parser to ignore mixed prose, got %#v", calls)
+	}
+
+	standalone := `{"tool_calls":[{"name":"search","input":{"q":"go"}}]}`
+	calls := ParseStandaloneToolCalls(standalone, []string{"search"})
+	if len(calls) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected standalone parser to match, got %#v", calls)
+	}
+}